A proteins life cycle begins once its gene is turned on and its mRNA is transcribed and translated to produce the polypeptide strand. The correct folding of a protein is the first crucial stage of the life cycle of a protein.  Correct folding is essential for a protein to be functional, whereas incorrect folding can have severe detrimental effects.  For example, several misfolded protein diseases include bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and its human equivalent Creutzfeld-Jakob disease (CJD), Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, type II (non-insulin dependent) diabetes and some types of cancer.  The symptoms of Mad Cow Diseases (BSE) and Alzheimer’s are a result of misfolded proteins aggregating and forming insoluble protein deposits in the brain.
Protein unfolding and folding, a reversible process, is analyzed using a light emitting protein specifically prepared for this study and a protein electrophoresis technique. The kit allows students to see when a light emitting protein is denatured  (unfolded) as it loses its property to emit light.  After electrophoresis the protein  in the gel is subjected to a renaturation and folding treatment, which  returns the protein to its natural configuration resulting in a return of  the light emitting properties.