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Carrier Proteins

Download the Antibody Production Handbook for Complete Product Listing

 

For the successful generation of antibodies
 
The use of peptides for the generation of antibodies against specific peptides has become an essential tool in proteomic research.

A crucial step in using peptides as antigens is their coupling to carrier proteins. Peptides are designed to be good epitopes by themselves; however they fail to elicit a strong antibody response. The reason for this is that the epitopes are able to bind to the B-cells, but are too small to contain additional motifs required to associate with class II molecules and T-cell receptors. The carrier proteins, once coupled to the peptides, provide these additional motifs and generate a strong antibody response.

The most common carrier proteins are bovine serum albumin (BSA; 67kDa) and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH; 4.5x105-1.3x107Da). In addition, we offer HyperCarrier, a cationized BSA that has been treated with ethylene diamine, which substitutes anionic carboxyl groups with cationic aminoethyl-amide groups. The use of cationized BSA is known to elicit greater immunogenic response compared to normal BSA (1-3).

The carrier proteins are coupled to haptens, including peptides and small proteins, with the use of protein cross-linkers. For a full range of protein cross-linkers and accessories, see the "Modifications & Cross-Linking" section.

All three carrier proteins are also offered as activated carrier proteins, named as ActiveHOOK™. ActiveHOOK™ carrier proteins have been pre-activated with the heterobifunctional protein cross linker sulfoSMCC and therefore are ready for the addition of cysteine containing peptides or proteins for a simple one step reaction.
 
 

1. Muckerheide, A., et al. (1987) J. Immunol. 138: 833.

2. Muckerheide, A., et al. (1987) J. Immunol. 138: 2800.

3. Domen, P.L., et al. (1987) J. Immunol. 139: 3195.

ActiveHOOK™ BSA is maleimide activated BSA, by the addition of sulfoSMCC cross-linker. The ActiveHOOK™ BSA rapidly couples to free sulfhydryl groups on peptides and proteins. This activated carrier proteins save both time and money as separate cross-linkers are not required and the ..
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ActiveHOOK™ HyperCarrier™ is maleimide activated HyperCarrier™, by the addition of sulfoSMCC cross-linker. The ActiveHOOK™ HyperCarrier™ rapidly couples to free sulfhydryl groups on peptides and proteins. This activated carrier proteins save both time and mone..
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ActiveHOOK™ KLH is maleimide activated by the addition of sulfoSMCC cross-linker. The ActiveHOOK™ KLH rapidly couples to free sulfhydryl groups on peptides and proteins. This activated carrier proteins save both time and money as separate cross-linkers are not required and the ..
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Gene/Protein:
Bovine serum albumin is a single polypeptide of 67kDa and consists of 59 lysine residues, of which 30-35 have primary amines that can react with crosslinkers for the coupling of peptides.   OneQuant™ BSA The BSA carrier protein is also available as our single use OneQuant™ ..
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HyperCarrier™ is normal BSA that has been treated with ethylene diamine, which substitutes anionic carboxyl groups with cationic aminoethyl-amide groups.   Researchers were able to demonstrate that a cationized form of BSA, produced by replacing anionic side chain carboxylic groups with..
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Keyhole limpet hemocyanin is a widely used carrier protein due to its large molecular mass (4.5x105-1.3x107Da aggregates) and large number of primary amines that can react with cross-linkers for the coupling of peptides. The KLH is supplied as a clear to slightly hazy, bluish solution in phosphate b..
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